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problem of evil
In the philosophy of religion, the problem of evil is the question of how to reconcile the existence of evil with that of a deity who is, in either absolute or relative terms, omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent (see theism).〔The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "(The Problem of Evil )", Michael Tooley〕〔The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "(The Evidential Problem of Evil )", Nick Trakakis〕 An argument from evil attempts to show that the co-existence of evil and such a deity is unlikely or impossible if placed in absolute terms. Attempts to show the contrary have traditionally been discussed under the heading of theodicy.
A wide range of responses have been given to the problem of evil in theology. There are also many discussions of evil and associated problems in other philosophical fields, such as secular ethics,〔Nicholas J. Rengger, ''Moral Evil and International Relations'', in ''SAIS Review'' 25:1, Winter/Spring 2005, pp. 3–16〕〔Peter Kivy, ''Melville's Billy and the Secular Problem of Evil: the Worm in the Bud'', in ''The Monist'' (1980), 63〕 and scientific disciplines such as evolutionary ethics.〔Timothy Anders, ''The Evolution of Evil'' (2000)〕〔J.D. Duntley and David Buss, "The Evolution of Evil," in 〕 But as usually understood, the "problem of evil" is posed in a theological context.〔〔
==Detailed arguments==
Together, John Joseph Haldane's Wittgenstinian-Thomistic account of concept formation〔J.J. Haldane Atheism & Theism,(Second Edition, 2003) pp 102-105〕 and Martin Heidegger's observation of temporality's thrown nature〔Heidegger, Martin, Being and Time, Translated by John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson, 1962, reprint 2003, Blackwell Oxford UK & Cambridge USA, pp426-427 (H 374) and pp458-472 (H406-421)〕 imply that God's act of creation and God's act of judgment are the same act. God's condemnation of evil is subsequently believed to be executed and expressed in his created world; a judgement that is unstoppable due to God's all powerful will; a constant and eternal judgement that becomes announced and communicated to other people on Judgment Day. In this explanation, God's condemnation of evil is declared to be a good judgement.
The above argument is set against numerous versions of the problem of evil that have been formulated.〔〔〔The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "(The Logical Problem of Evil )", James R. Beebe〕 These versions have included philosophical and theological formulations.
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